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| death_date = | death_place =Hoihoikeea, Honolulu, Oahu | burial_date = | place of burial =Mauna Ala Royal Mausoleum | signature =Kamehameha III 1839 signature.svg |}} Kamehameha III (born Kauikeaouli) (1813–December 15, 1854) was the King of Hawaii from 1825 to 1854. His full Hawaiian name was Keaweaweula Kīwalaō Kauikeaouli Kaleiopapa and then lengthened to Keaweaweula Kīwalaō Kauikeaouli Kaleiopapa Kalani Waiakua Kalanikau Iokikilo Kīwalaō i ke kapu Kamehameha when he ascended the throne. Under his reign Hawaii evolved from an absolute monarchy to a Christian constitutional monarchy with the signing of both the 1840 Constitution and 1852 Constitution. He was the longest reigning monarch in the history of the Kingdom, ruling for 29 years and 192 days, although in the early part of his reign he was under a regency by Queen Kaahumanu and later by Kaahumanu II. His goal was the careful balancing of modernization by adopting Western ways, while keeping his nation intact. ==Early life== Kauikeaouli was born at Keauhou Bay, on Hawaii island, the largest island in the Hawaiian Islands archipelago. He was the second son of King Kamehameha I and his highest ranking wife, Queen Keōpūolani, born in Maui. Early historians suggested June or July 1814, but one accepted date is August 11, 1813. Biographer P. Christiaan Klieger cites 17 March 1814 as his birthday.〔P. Christiaan Klieger, ''Kamehameha III'' Green Arrow Press, San Francisco, 2015〕 He was of the highest ''kapu'' lineage. Kauikeaouli was about 16 years younger than his brother Liholiho, who ruled as Kamehameha II starting in 1819. He was named ''Kauikeaouli'' (placed in the dark clouds) ''Kaleiopapa Kuakamanolani Mahinalani Kalaninuiwaiakua Keaweaweulaokalani'' (the red trail or the roadway by which the god descends from heaven) after his maternal grandfather Kīwalaō. He was promised to Kuakini in ''hānai'', but at birth he appeared to be delivered stillborn, Kuakini did not wish to take him. But Chief Kaikioewa summoned his ''kaula'' (prophet) Kapihe who declared the baby would live. Kauikeaouli was cleansed, laid on a rock, fanned, prayed over and sprinkled with water until he breathed, moved and cried. The prayer of Kapihe was to ''Kaōnohiokalā'', "Child of God". The rock is preserved as a monument at Keauhou Bay.〔Stanton, Karin (March 17, 2011). (''Honoring King Kamehameha III in Keauhou'' ) Hawaii 24/7. Retrieved 2011-08-15.〕 He was given to Kaikioewa to raise. Kauikeaouli had a troubled childhood. He was torn between the Puritan Christian guidelines imposed on the kingdom by the ''kuhina nui'' (Queen Regent) who was his stepmother Kaʻahumanu, and the desires to honor the old traditions. Under the influence of Oahu governor Boki, who owned a liquor store, and a young Hawaiian-Tahitian named Kaomi, Kauikeaouli turned to alcohol, and the young king created the secret order of ''Hulumanu (Bird Feather)'', a group of Hawaiian men devoted to seeking pleasure and rebelling against the teaching of the missionaries and made Kaomi his co-ruler in place of Kīnaʻu. By 1835 he settled down and returned to ways of the missionaries.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kamehameha III」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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